Pigmentation refers to dark spots or uneven patches on the skin, usually caused by excess melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Many factors can lead to pigmentation issues:

Sun Exposure:UV rays trigger melanin production as a defense, often causing sunspots.

Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, or menopause can cause hormonal shifts, leading to melasma.

Skin Injury or Inflammation: Acne, cuts, or burns can leave dark spots when healing.

Treatment Options

Topical Creams: Creams with ingredients like hydroquinone, kojic acid, or vitamin C help lighten pigmentation.

Chemical Peels: Peels with glycolic acid or salicylic acid remove the outer layer of skin, revealing a fresher layer underneath.

Laser Therapy: Advanced lasers like Q-switched or fractional lasers target melanin to break down dark spots.

Microneedling: Small needles boost collagen production and help in reducing pigmentation.